1969-04-25: Lockheed C-121 Super Constellation (67-21493) — United States Air Force - USAF (since 1947) — Korat, Thailand

18 fatalitiesKorat, ThailandTakeoff (climb)

An EC-121R aircraft belonging to the 554th Recon Squadron crashed shortly after takeoff from Korat due to severe weather conditions and wind shear.

What happened

On the afternoon of the incident, an EC-121R, registration 67-21493, operating as callsign "BATCAT 21" for the 554th Recon Squadron, was prepared for a combat tactical mission from Korat, Thailand. Following engine start and taxi procedures, the aircraft received takeoff clearance from Korat Tower at 15:54. During initial communications with departure control, the crew inquired about a nearby thunderstorm cell. While the controller initially instructed the aircraft to maintain runway heading before providing vectors, the crew later requested a right turn due to significant turbulence.

Shortly after becoming airborne at 15:58, the aircraft experienced severe atmospheric disturbances. The EC-121R impacted the ground in a rice paddy with its landing gear retracted and engines at maximum takeoff power. Traveling at a ground speed of 221 knots, the aircraft struck various obstacles including dikes and tree stumps, which caused the disintegration of the wings and propellers. The wreckage eventually struck a tree, resulting in an explosion, before the fuselage tumbled down a hill and overturned.

Findings

Investigations into the accident determined that the aircraft encountered a powerful downdraft and intense wind shear at an altitude of approximately 500 feet, roughly two and a half miles from the departure point. The most critical factor was a rapid shift in relative wind from a 20-knot headwind to a tailwind of at least 20 knots. As the aircraft descended into the lower altitudes, it encountered even stronger surface winds, estimated by witnesses to be a 60-knot tailwind, which contributed to the loss of control and subsequent impact.

Probable cause

The aircraft encountered severe wind shear and a strong downdraft that transitioned a headwind into a significant tailwind.