B737 MAX First Officer reported turbulence during descent caused aircraft to overspeed; requiring a reduction of airspeed. This caused the flight crew to request relief from an altitude restriction at a crossing point.

Narrative

On the arrival into ZZZ we were cleared to descend from FL390 to FL310 to cross SLT at 310 with a speed of 280 kts. I checked the descent page on the FMC to make sure the speed was 280 kts. and current Mach of .78. I executed the descend now function (10 miles prior to TD) since the MAX likes to descend faster than programmed. When the aircraft reached the VNAV path it pitched the nose over and continued the descent and increased the VSI. I watched this and extended the speed brakes to try and stop this. The aircraft continued to speed up and we began to encounter light to moderate turbulence. We went from a 30-40 kt. tailwind to a 70 kt. headwind around FL330. When this happened; the aircraft speed jumped up and went into the clacker for around 2-3 seconds. I clicked the AP off and hand flew. I pitched the aircraft to level flight with the speed brakes still extended. We regained our normal speed and I re engaged the AP and stowed the speed brakes. We also notified ATC that we were unable to make our crossing restriction due to slowing for turbulence. They said that it was okay and to continue our descent to cross ZZZZZ at 18;000 ft. We wrote up the overspeed in the logbook and notified Maintenance and I spoke with them at the gate in ZZZ on the details.