Air carrier flight crew reported an NMAC during departure climb when another aircraft apparently departed their cleared altitude prematurely.

Date: 2023-05 · Aircraft: Bombardier/Canadair Undifferentiated or Other Model · Phase: initial_climb

Anomalies: atc-issue-all-types|conflict-nmac

Synopsis

Air carrier flight crew reported an NMAC during departure climb when another aircraft apparently departed their cleared altitude prematurely.

Narrative

We were climbing out on the ZZZZZ departure; tower handed us off to departure. When we checked on with departure; we were given traffic advisory; company traffic at 2 o'clock level at 9;000 feet. We acknowledge and said traffic in sight. We got 'traffic' on the TCAS; so I begin to decrease my climb rate to less than 1;000 feet per minute. At 7;900 feet we got 'TCAS RA DESCEND'; I complied with the 'TCAS RA DESCEND' and through 7;800 feet we got clear of conflict. I looked out and saw an aircraft passing right to left; less than 500 feet at our altitude. We questioned ATC; to make sure we heard that they were supposed to have been level at 9;000 feet; and he said they we're supposed to be level at 9;000; and then he said I guess they started down early. Didn't quite know what that meant; but this was definitely a near miss.ATC should pay closer attention when you've got converging traffic in a situation like this; which could result in a serious accident or incident. The other aircraft definitely was not at their assigned altitude; and ATC should have gotten some warning that they were descending. This was a real event; and shouldn't be taken lightly. I know we are human and make mistakes; but there have to be some safeguards.

Second reporter narrative

[Report narrative contained no additional information]

Source: NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (public domain). Reports are voluntary submissions and are not verified by NASA.