Air carrier Captain reported the need to perform an abrupt stop while taxiing. The Captain states that another air carrier was rounding the corner in front of their aircraft at a high rate of speed and did not yield.

Narrative

Near ground collision. After push back onto East line of Taxiway" with one engine started; First Officer (FO) called Metering and was switched to ZZZ ground. Ground issued clearance; "cleared to taxi Runway XC; hold short Runway XR". FO and I conferred for about 10 seconds before I applied power. I had started moving when FO noticed Aircraft Y rounding Taxiway to our right. FO attempted to ask ground control if Aircraft Y flight was stopping for us. After moving 10 feet I determined that Aircraft Y was increasing speed despite my movement onto "Taxiway" with my taxi light on. I applied brakes; stopped and allowed Aircraft Y to pass by. That aircraft continued to accelerate and in my opinion would not have been able to stop in time to avoid a collision had we not given way. Ground control only told us to give way after Aircraft Y had already passed in front of us and admitted he was not aware of the conflict. Because Aircraft Y was on (inbound); he did not hear our exchange on radio. We continued outbound taxi and controller used our call sign to address another aircraft with a similar callsign ; Aircraft Z I think; causing some confusion later on our way to the runway."