Air carrier pilot reported while waiting on runway for takeoff an aircraft on approach to the same runway performed a go-around passing 200 ft over the reporter's aircraft.

Narrative

First Officer (FO) was pilot flying. Environment was night time. MDSD tower cleared us to Line up and wait." Verified that approach path for Runway 17 was clear. There was an aircraft turning final on RNAV Runway 17 which is approximately 15 miles from the runway. Spacing was not a problem. Tower held us on the runway for a long time. When we were about to query; Tower said "Aircraft X cleared for immediate takeoff; traffic 2 miles." Brakes were released and power was brought up to stabilize. FO astutely noticed that TCAS showed landing traffic descending out of 300 feet. MDSD then called "Aircraft X; hold position." Aircraft was brought to complete stop after approximately 30 feet. We asked to exit at taxiway Bravo and held short of taxiway Alpha for another departure. All appropriate checklists and procedures were accomplished. At no point was English used between MDSD tower and landing traffic; Aircraft Y. We had no situational awareness as to the hazard until the last few moments. Aircraft Y passed overhead at approximately 200 feet while we were still on the runway after they went around. We have no idea who initiated the go around for landing traffic. A company flight crew; that landed previous to us; witnessed the event and corroborated the details. We tried to query the controller for an explanation but he gave no response. We were subsequently cleared for takeoff which was uneventfully."