Corporate FO reported the pilot crew performed a takeoff with the 3 green gear safe indicating lights not illuminated. Returning to the departure airport; when the gear would not retract; it was found all 3 circuit breakers were popped for the landing gear.

Narrative

Captain arrived to the airport first and started getting the aircraft ready for our reposition flight to ZZZ from ZZZ1. I Second in Command (SIC) am new to the aircraft and have less than 40 hours on type the aircraft. The Captain performed all the Cockpit checklists and while I did an exterior inspection. We started engines; started taxiing and when we were holding short; I noticed the gear had 'no green lights' illuminated. I notified the Captain and he acknowledged that he wasn't sure if they have to be ON for takeoff. We departed and realized on take off the gear wouldn't come up and the lever was stuck in down position. I was nervous. We flew at less than 180 knots and contacted TRACON. I wanted to let TRACON know but Captain was hesitant. I notified them regardless to have the tower look out for us. Meanwhile we were at 2000ft; I saw the AOA indicating red momentarily. I was hesitant in burying my head in the QRH for emergency procedures since I wanted to check my Captain. We performed a low approach and then landed safely. All this while; my captain was talking to me about what we were going tell the company about during approach. There was no Sterile Cockpit rules followed whatsoever. After landing; we looked at the QRH and it says check Circuit Breakers. We realized that all three circuit breakers for the landing gear were popped out and never in. One of the items was to check Switches and CB's on the prior to Engines Start and it was never done. I acknowledge my mistake that I never performed the checklist myself or I was never present when captain performed the Interior Cockpit Checklist. Since then; I have been extremely cautious and double check everything. While I disagree with my Captain on how he handled the situation or chatting during an approach phase; I believe that this has taught me a very important lesson and helped me improve my Situational Awareness.