CE-560 XLS pilot reported rudder input anomaly during climb. Post flight it was found that rudder trim was misrigged during recent maintenance work.

Narrative

Departing ZZZ and climbing through roughly 20;000 ft I noticed a slight left rudder trim input needed to coordinate flight. I proceeded to let the first officer know that I was going to disconnect the autopilot and correct the condition. I began to add the left rudder trim input needed and noticed that the condition worsened. Both of us noticed a problem and I began to reverse the initial input and the condition improved. Both of us were confused and began to wonder whether the rudder trim was reversed. We centered the rudder trim and found the condition acceptable and continued the flight to ZZZ1 to further investigate the rudder trim. Post flight I moved the rudder trim to the full left expecting that the trim tab would move to the right which would be normal. Upon inspecting the rudder trim tab it was deflected left; reverse of what position it needed to be in. I tried the same input to the right and the trim tab deflected to the right. Both crew members confirmed that indeed it was incorrect. We proceeded to call maintenance and write up the affected rudder trim and it was agreed something was amiss. As we watched the maintenance updates of the aircraft it was noted that the last cable change had taken place close to 3 and a half months earlier than this flight. To our fault this was our 5th leg in the aircraft and did not note any unusual condition. Unfortunately for the aircraft to reach the point when we were assigned to it there have been several safeguards that have been mismanaged. Upon being assigned a new aircraft it would be appropriate that all flight controls and trims be observed moving in the appropriate direction.