A light sport experimental pilot reported an unstable approach and long landing resulted in a runway excursion and tail strike.
Synopsis
A light sport experimental pilot reported an unstable approach and long landing resulted in a runway excursion and tail strike.
Narrative
Pilot with one passenger flew an experimental amateur-built two-seater aircraft (Zenith CH650) to ZZZ. When landing on Runway XX; the aircraft rolled beyond the runway into a grass field before coming to a stop. During the rollout over bumpy terrain; the aircraft experienced a tail strike. Pilot checked the propeller; wheels; rudder; flight controls and deemed the plane to be airworthy. After returning to the home airport; an A&P inspected the rudder; main wheels; nose wheel; engine mounts and assessed that the damage was only a cosmetic ding at the bottom corner of the rudder.- Pilot faced two external pressures: 1. Road traffic to the home airport delayed the planned flight by about two hours. 2. Pilot had planned a solo flight and was not night current; but decided to take a passenger at the last minute. With the later departure and the planned route; returning before night was not assured. Consequently; the pilot was in a hurry; e.g. enlisting the passenger in pre-flight checks to accelerate the departure. - Pilot was not proficient in slow flight; short & soft field landings and energy management. The pilot had not practiced those maneuvers with a passenger onboard recently. The pilot last executed short & soft field landings (solo) in Month 20XX. The pilot last practiced these maneuvers at home airport (solo) a year ago.- On downwind for [Runway] XX at ZZZ airport; the aircraft was more than 1500 ft above the traffic pattern altitude. The pilot should have executed 360s to descend to pattern altitude. Instead; pilot decided to extend the downwind by a couple of miles and forward slip on final to lose altitude.- When the plane entered slow flight on the downwind to base leg; the pilot misinterpreted the mushy controls and buffeting; and added a touch of power and lowered the nose (as a precaution against stalling while turning). Consequently; the aircraft which had a proper approach airspeed rolled out of the turn with high airspeed. The pilot should have practiced slow flight and power-off stalls with a passenger onboard to understand slow flight characteristics and the actual angle of attack of a stall when turning.- On extended final; the aircraft was very high and a little fast. The pilot executed a forward slip but pointed the nose at the end of Runway XX (intended touchdown point). The slip was effective for losing altitude; but the nose pitched down meant airspeed remained very high. Pilot should have pitched for target airspeed during a forward slip.- Aircraft floated halfway down the runway; wheels touched down beyond 1000 ft (of a 2400 ft turf runway). When overflying the airport; pilot observed the windsock near the start of Runway XY and saw that Runway XX was favored. On short final; pilot observed the windsock near the start of Runway XX and saw that a 3-6kt tailwind was indicated. After landing; pilot observed both windsocks indicated a tailwind for their respective runway. The pilot should have executed a go-around during the flare. In fact; go-around should have happened on short final already since the plane was both high and fast.- The turf runway condition was very bumpy; with rocks and small branches throughout. Since the aircraft rollout was fast over bumpy ground; pilot was unable to apply hard braking. Moreover; the pilot did not raise flaps for the proper short field braking technique. - Despite that; the pilot observed that the trees at the end of the runway were far enough to get the plane stopped safely in the remaining distance. However; it was a visual illusion: Beyond the start of Runway XY; there is a small dirt road and a grass field (containing the windsock) surrounded by trees. During the rollout; the runway end and the dirt road were not apparent.The pilot wrongly interpreted that there was 400 ft or more of turf available to stop the plane. Perpendicularly crossing the dirt road at a faster-than-taxi speed likely caused the tail strike. Luckily the grass field beyondthe runway had no other obstacles.
Source: NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (public domain). Reports are voluntary submissions and are not verified by NASA.