C680 Captain reported a jammed stabilizer trim during climb out. Flight crew returned to the departure airport with aircraft requiring significant back stick pressure during final approach to land.

Narrative

During climb out while departing ZZZ for a revenue flight to ZZZ1; we experienced what appeared to be a jammed stabilizer trim. We had picked the plane up in ZZZ2 the day prior and noted the plane had been written up for a Mach Trim EICAS message on the flight prior to acceptance. The flight from ZZZ2 to ZZZ was uneventful. The next day we were scheduled to depart ZZZ to ZZZ1. climbing out of 10;000 the pilot flying commented that with the trim fully at 1.2 nose down the aircraft required forward stick pressure and that the pressure could not be trimmed away. I assumed control of the aircraft to confirm the condition of the aircraft. The aircraft required for significant forward yoke pressure to hold the desire pitch setting with climb power set. I had the pilot monitoring (PM) request a level off altitude and [request priority handling]. We were able to reduce the pitch up forces on the plane by reducing the power setting for approximately 170 to 180 KIAS. Concurrently; I called for the JAMMED STABILIZER TRIM SYSTEM QRH. We worked through the checklist determining the stabilizer was jammed at high speed cruise +1.2 to -1.9. When we completed the checklist; we entered holding to burn approximately 1200 pounds of fuel prior to returning to ZZZ. While holding we calculated our performance numbers per the QRH and reviewed the procedures for landing. When ready; we returned to ZZZ with no further incident. It should be noted that the landing required significant back stick pressure on final.