CE525 Captain reported a NMAC during approach with another aircraft taking off on the same runway at a non-towered airport.

Narrative

Flying a light-jet; I chose to sequence into the pattern at ZZZ via a straight-in. There were two other aircraft in the pattern and my arrival was well timed between their approaches. I made announcements at 10 and 5 NM. As I approached 2 NM final; a Cherokee announced departure on the same runway. I immediately made a 2 NM arrival call on CTAF; informing the Cherokee of my arrival. They didn't stop before the hold-short line (I was close enough to see them). As they pulled on to the runway; I informed them 'Do not takeoff; I'll be doing a go-around over you.' I crossed the threshold 200'+ and entered the closed pattern. They sheepishly stated they 'didn't see [me] on ADS-B' and proceeded to depart and leave the area.I had all of my lights on (strobes; nav lights; recognition/pulsing taxi-lights) and made appropriate announcements. I suspect they didn't hear/listen to my 2 NM call since they didn't see my aircraft via ADS-B. ADS-B doesn't necessarily show all traffic when on the ground if the plane isn't in a good position to receive from an ADS-B tower.Check final before you depart...listen in to CTAF for more than a few seconds before choosing to depart.