A321 pilot reported they came to an immediate stop while taxiing to their assigned spot on the ramp to avoid another air carrier taxiing to the same spot.

Narrative

We pushed back from gate XX at ZZZ and were cleared by ramp control to 'Taxi to spot XX and contact Ground Control.' We made a left turn and taxied toward spot XY as there is no taxi line on the west side of the ramp. My intention was to cross spot XY and approach spot XX from the northeast side and make a right turn to face southwest. It's noteworthy that Taxiway 1 was closed and barricaded at the edge of the ramp; so no aircraft could enter/exit there. As we approached spot XY; I saw an Airline X B-737 holding at spot XZ and an aircraft approaching XX from the northeast along the line that joins from spot XA. I stopped and allowed the aircraft approaching XX to proceed; then started taxiing at approximately 5 knots toward spot XX. I then saw an Embraer 190 taxiing from spot XA. It made a left turn and a right turn; then was approaching spot XB and moving quickly (estimated at 15-20 Knots the entire time including the turns).I was concerned the E-190 was not going to stop; so I stopped about 75 feet short of spot XX facing southbound and was waiting for my First Officer to call Ground Control and report our position at spot XX. The E-190 was identified as Aircraft Y. As I approached spot XX; I saw the E-190 slow down at spot XB; which I interpreted as them giving way. I started taxing slowly toward spot XX as assigned; now facing south-southeast because the E-190 was blocking my access to line up on spot XX as intended. The E-190 then started increasing taxi speed toward spot XX; so I stopped immediately (approximately 30-50 feet from spot XX). The E-190 taxied rapidly (approximately 15 knots) past us with their wing tip missing the nose of our aircraft by less than 10 feet. They adjusted their taxi line just left of the painted line as they passed. There is no way the Captain of the E-190 could judge the distance from their right wing as they passed us. Regardless of two aircraft potentially being cleared to the same spot at the same time; the E-190 Captain's actions were completely reckless and endangered damaging two aircraft and harming everyone onboard.ZZZ ramp is among the most risky operations in the entire CONUS (Continental United States); and every crew I've flow with for the last 3+ years identifies ZZZ ramp as the number 1 threat in their approach AND departure briefs. ZZZ ramp is an accident waiting to happen; especially at spot XX. I transit ZZZ frequently and the ramp controllers give the same vague departure instructions from gates XY through XZ; and there are no lines to follow from the west side of the ramp. There is no guidance in the -7 pages to discuss sequencing or alignment to exit Taxiway 2. The ramp controllers then fail to follow through on sequencing at spot XX; so the regional jets treat it like a race to the spot; and in this case are willing to cut other aircraft off to win the race. If it was an company aircraft we could look up the flight number and call management; but the regional airlines get no feedback or accountability. If the ZZZ ramp control wants you to join a line on the east side; then they should state that exactly; and not hand crews off to ground until properly sequenced for departing the ramp. Crews are not going to just taxi 100 yards to the east in that space looking for a line because it might cause a head-to-head conflict with an aircraft inbound to gate XA through XB. The culture there has never been to follow lines in the alley ways and there is not guidance in the -7 pages that even attempts to change that. Additionally; since ramp hands off aircraft prematurely on first contact (i.e. 'Taxi to spot XX and contact Ground') there is no way for the ramp controller to deconflict the problem they created.