Cessna 172 student pilot reported an unstable approach while landing in strong gusty winds on a solo training flight which resulted in a runway excursion.
Synopsis
Cessna 172 student pilot reported an unstable approach while landing in strong gusty winds on a solo training flight which resulted in a runway excursion.
Narrative
Student pilot solo flight in the pattern with the last flight being a solo cross country completed 7 weeks prior. Winds were left quartering headwind. At the terminal; ATIS reported winds at 12 knots and gusts with low level windshear advisories in effect. While in the runup area; ground had reported different wind conditions; and before requesting clearance to leave the runup area and line up at the runway; I asked for a wind report which was reported as less than 10 knots and no gust factor. There was a PIREP reported of loss or gain on final but was over an hour ago. Completed one landing in the pattern. On short final for the second landing; I asked tower for another wind check which was reported with high winds and gusts which made the second landing as a go around; also because of an unstable approach and being unstable above the runway. I had wanted to come around again to see about winds and if I needed to request a full stop terminate if the winds were too much. On the third lap in the pattern; tower had cleared for touch and goes and reported winds still gusting. Approach was stable but came in about 5 knots faster for gusting winds. On short final I was high so reduced power slightly and brought the nose down. Correcting for left cross wind and above the 1000' markers I was able to start a flare. Touching down was without a bounce; but nose was not fully straight and aligned with the centerline and airplane skidded left; running off of the runway. One factor contributing to this incident is proficiency. I was set to have my next solo flight being another solo cross country (following the first solo cross country beginning of January) but had planned to do a flight in the pattern at my local airport to get back into flying after a long break. This flight could have been done with an instructor rather than solo. Another factor is poor judgement and decisions. My personal minimums for solo flight is 12 knots with 7 knots crosswind. When I listened to the ATIS at the terminal; I had already considered going back to the flight school to wait and see how conditions changed; but decided to wait until I finished my run up to make a final decision with a new ATIS and ask tower or ground for updated conditions. With 12 knots wind and occasional gusting winds well above my personal minimums; as well as my previous hesitation at the terminal; the better decision would have been to not fly and wait for another day or different time for conditions in which I feel more comfortable in to fly solo. Another factor is the nose not being completely straight and aligned with the centerline; especially coming in slightly faster with a crosswind. This could have been corrected with more rudder while still holding the crosswind correction in the flare as well as upon touching down.
Source: NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (public domain). Reports are voluntary submissions and are not verified by NASA.