Air carrier Captain reported having a near miss with hot air balloons that were along the instrument approach corridor and suggested prohibiting the operation of hot air balloons around established and active arrival paths at SBGR Airport.

Narrative

Multiple hot air balloons along the instrument approach corridor to Runway 10R led to significant distraction during ILS 10R. I and the crew noticed four balloons at various altitudes emitting fireworks inside of a half mile of the localizer course. Two of the four balloons we saw were close enough to prompt TAs if the balloons had been equipped with transponders.The true near miss occurred without our knowing until we landed at GRU. A fifth balloon was unobserved by everyone except the jumpseating Mechanic who happened to be filming the approach from his seat. The balloon in the photo was easily obscured by ground clutter and rising from below the glide path. The balloon was missed by only a few hundred feet.GRU has a history of dangerous balloon activity. Sao Paulo allows multiple balloons to launch / operate along the flight path of active approaches and arrivals. In addition these hot air balloons are allowed to set off fireworks. Prohibit the operation of hot air balloons within the vicinity of established and active arrival paths.