C172 pilot reported an NMAC with a jet on final approach resulted from ATC issuing a turn toward the jet.

Narrative

I approached ZZZ from the east. There was a shower west of ZZZ but; not a cell. About 6 miles east; I was told to enter the right downwind for XXR. That means right traffic. I was also told well out to extend my downwind. I think I responded with something about the controller calling my base. I knew there was a jet inbound on the ILS XXR. I heard the controller ask for ceilings and visibility. I think I volunteered that I could barely see through the rain.I was expecting a long extended downwind to land after the jet. I slowed down.Then I was told to 'turn north.' I then responded turning base which was to the north.Then I heard yelling from the tower for me to very quickly turn west of southwest. I slammed a left turn in and saw the jet pass very close to me on final.Very soon thereafter; I was told to turn back to land.The controller never said he was sorry. I was not asked to copy a phone number and was not expecting that since did what he told me to do and almost got all of us killed.Today; I will speak with the supervisor at the tower.When I landed; I expected the ground controller to say something.When I got back to the office for our flying club; another pilot heard the whole thing and was shocked that the controller made such a dangerous mistake.I don't want the controller 'in trouble' for this. I have been a pilot for 49 years and controllers have saved my bacon more than once. The controller was also not rude about this.I had ADS-B in and out but; do not look at it that close to the runway. When I made the emergency turn; all I did was watch airspeed and turn as fast as I could without stalling.Boy was that close.