PA-28 pilot reported that while on takeoff; realized that final traffic was on a go around resulting in a critical ground conflict. Pilot also stated that congested frequency may have contributed to not hearing traffic position reports.

Narrative

I completed my run-up and taxied to runway XX. Scanned for traffic while actively listening to radio calls. Several Cessna aircraft were in the pattern; and two of these aircraft announced performing a 360 turn maneuver on the downwind leg to help with traffic separation. A Cherokee departed just ahead of me. I heard a call from traffic identifying themselves on downwind. I scanned for traffic again; announced my departure intentions on CTAF XXX.X; and proceeded to and then onto the runway. I was rolling on the runway and had used about 350 feet with the airspeed climbing through 55 mph on my takeoff roll when the Cessna (Aircraft Y) called and stated they were on final approach. I didn't hear their position being announced on base or final; nor did I see the aircraft before departure. The XXX.X radio traffic was congested with ZZZ traffic; as well as calls from other XXX.X CTAF airports. They (this Cessna C150 is a student training aircraft) may have announced their position simultaneously during my radio call. We may have stepped on each other. They performed a go-around; and I announced that I would climb out to the right side of the runway. I apologized for the situation.