APCHS BEING CONDUCTED TO OCCUPIED RWY. TFC BACK TAXIING DUE TO ARPT CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY. NMAC AND OR CRITICAL GND CONFLICT.

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DUE TO CONSTRUCTION ON THE PARALLEL TXWY; DEPARTING ACFT WERE BEING BACK-TAXIED DOWN RWY 29 BTWN ARRS. AFTER THE BACK-TAXI; DEPS WOULD HOLD IN THE RUNUP AREA UNTIL CLRED FOR TKOF. AS WE PULLED UP TO THE MIDFIELD TURNOFF FROM THE RWY TO AWAIT CLRNC TO BACK-TAXI; WE WITNESSED THE PREVIOUS ACFT; A 737; BARELY MAKING IT INTO THE RUNUP AREA BEFORE THE LNDG OF ANOTHER AIR CARRIER JET. I COMMENTED TO THE PNF THAT THE SEPARATION APPEARED TO BE FAR LESS THAN NORMAL OR PRUDENT. SHORTLY AFTERWARD; WE WERE CLRED TO BACK-TAXI 'WITHOUT DELAY' DUE TO TFC ON A 4 MI FINAL. I DO NOT RECALL HEARING THE ACFT TYPE OR SPD IN THIS XMISSION. WE COULD NOT SEE THE APCHING ACFT DUE TO THE LOW FOG LAYER. I ACCELERATED QUICKLY TO APPROX 40- 45 KTS FOR THE 4500 FT TAXI DISTANCE. THE ACFT ON FINAL; AN MD-80; BROKE OUT OF THE CLOUDS JUST AS WE WERE APCHING THE LAST TURNOFF BEFORE THE RUNUP AREA. THIS TURNOFF WAS BLOCKED WITH CONES AND DID NOT APPEAR CAPABLE OF PROVIDING SUFFICIENT SPACE FOR US TO CLR THE RWY. WHEN THE MD-80 BROKE OUT; IT WAS READILY APPARENT THAT THERE WOULD BE INSUFFICIENT TIME FOR US TO MAKE IT TO THE RUNUP AREA. THE TWR CTLR ASKED IF WE COULD MAKE A TURN INTO THE RAPIDLY PASSING; BLOCKED OFF TXWY. WE TOLD HIM THAT WE WERE UNABLE TO DO SO. HE THEN REQUESTED THE MD-80 TO MAKE S TURNS. THE MD-80 COMPLIED; MAKING 1 SHARP S-TURN TO THE S ON APPROX 1 1/2 MI FINAL. AS THE MD-80 ROLLED BACK ON TO FINAL AT APPROX 1/2 MI AND 150-200 FT AGL; HE INITIATED AND ANNOUNCED THAT HE WAS GOING AROUND. WE WERE STILL ON THE RWY; A FEW SECONDS FROM TURNING INTO THE RUNUP AREA. THE MD-80 PASSED OVERHEAD. I BELIEVE THAT TWR CTLR SHOWED POOR JUDGEMENT IN CLRING US TO TAXI INITIALLY AND EXTREMELY POOR JUDGEMENT IN NOT RECOGNIZING HIS ERROR AND SENDING THE MD-80 AROUND EARLIER. SUPPLEMENTAL INFO FROM ACN 280752: TXWY CONSTRUCTION AND 800 FT OVCST WERE CONTRIBUTING TO INCIDENT. WE HAD TO BACK-TAXI IN THE FIRST PLACE AND THEN WERE 'BLIND' TO THE TFC UNTIL HE BROKE OUT. ALSO; 'S' TURNING COMMANDS FROM ATC FOR JET EQUIP IS USELESS AND IDIOTIC. AT THOSE SPDS; IT HAS LITTLE EFFECT ESPECIALLY ON VERY SHORT FINAL! WHATEVER ATC PROCS WERE IN PLACE THAT DAY; THEY NEED TO BE CHANGED. WE ARE CONSIDERING CHANGING THE ORDER OF OUR BEFORE TKOF CHKLIST SO THAT OUR XPONDER AND TCASII ARE THE FIRST THING TURNED ON WHEN TAKING AN ACTIVE RWY. WHEN WE SAW THE MD-80; WE TURNED ON OUR LNDG LIGHTS; BUT DID NOT HAVE TIME OR THINK OF XPONDER AND TCASII. MD-80 HAD TO HAVE SEEN US DUE TO 10 MI VISIBILITY; CONVERSATION ON TWR FREQ AND OUR LIGHTS. WE CONSIDERED STRONGLY TAXIING OFF SIDE OF RWY INTO GRASS!