FLC OF A B737 AT FAI RESPONDS TO GPWS WHILE BEING VECTORED FOR AN APCH.

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FLT WAS SCHEDULED FROM BARROW; AK; TO FAIRBANKS; AK. THE TEMP ON THE GND AT FAI WAS -40 DEGS C. FAI APCH CTL WAS CTLING THE FLT. WE WERE ON DSCNT AND HAD RECEIVED CLRNC TO 4000 FT MSL. THE MSA PUBLISHED ON THE COMMERCIAL CHARTS IS 4300 FT MSL. WE HAD JUST RECEIVED A TURN OFF OF THE AIRWAY (299 DEG RADIAL OF FAI). PASSING 4100 FT MSL; WE RECEIVED A MODE 2 'EXCESSIVE TERRAIN CLOSURE RATE' GPWS WARNING. 'TERRAIN; TERRAIN' FOLLOWED SHORTLY BY 'PULL UP; PULL UP.' WE EXECUTED A MAX GAR PWR CLB TO 6000 FT MSL. AIRSPD DURING DSCNT WAS 250 KIAS. THE WARNING SILENCED AND WE NOTIFIED FAI APCH. THEY DID NOT SEEM CONCERNED. THE LOWEST RADIO ALTIMETER DURING THE GPWS WAS 1100 FT. THE HIGHEST POINT WITHIN 5 MI OF OUR ACFT WAS MURPHY DOME AT 2970 FT MSL. DURING DAY VFR FLT INTO FAI FROM THE N; IT IS NOT UNUSUAL TO GET THIS WARNING WHILE ON A VISUAL APCH BECAUSE WE DSND BELOW THE MSA. DURING A DARK NIGHT; EVEN IN VFR CONDITIONS THIS WARNING WAS VERY DISCONCERTING. I AM SURE A MAJOR FACTOR WAS THE VERY COLD TEMPS IN THE FAI AREA; AND ASSOCIATED ALTIMETER ERRORS. SUGGEST MSA; MVA AND APCH ALTS BE ADJUSTED UPWARD TO COMPENSATE FOR EXTREME TEMPS. A SIMPLE CHART FOR USE BY FLCS AND ATC CTLRS NEEDS TO BE DEVELOPED AND IMPLEMENTED.