FLC OF A B737-300 OVERSHOT INTERMEDIATE CLB ALT DUE TO NOT SETTING THE ASSIGNED ALT IN THE FMC.

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CLRNC DELIVERY GAVE US THE PIKES DEP ALAMOSA TRANSITION CLB MAINTAIN 10000 FT. DURING COCKPIT FLOWS AND CHKLISTS EVERYTHING WAS SET EXCEPT THE ALT ON THE MODE CTL PANEL. THIS WAS NOT DISCOVERED UNTIL THE INCIDENT. DURING CLBOUT ATC SAYS 'ACFT X; STOP CLB NOW.' WE LEVELED OFF AT 10700 FT. ATC ASKED 'WHAT ALT ARE YOU CLBING TO?' I SAY '11000 FT.' ATC SAYS 'MAINTAIN CURRENT ALT; TFC AT 2 O'CLOCK POS; 12000 FT...DIRECTION OF TRAVEL.' A FEW MOMENTS LATER; TFC WAS NOT A FACTOR; CLB AND FLT RESUMED NORMALLY. 11000 FT WAS SET IN THE MCP PRESUMABLY BY THE PREVIOUS FLC. UPON CLRNC I DID NOT SET 10000 FT IN MCP. I BELIEVE FATIGUE WAS A FACTOR. ARRIVED DENVER XA00 AM (HOTEL) AND DEPARTED AT XS00 LAYOVER WAS SUFFICIENT; PROB WAS MY SLEEP PATTERNS DID NOT ALLOW ME ENOUGH REST. I DO NOT BID OR FLY NIGHT TRIPS. I ALSO LIVE IN ST LOUIS; A DIFFERENT TIME ZONE; MAKING THE HOTEL ARR XB00 BY MY SLEEP PATTERNS. DEP XT00 ST LOUIS TIME; MY NORMAL 'HIT THE SACK' TIME. OTHER THAN FATIGUE; THE FACTOR I WOULD GIVE AS MUCH ATTN TO WOULD BE THE CAPT'S NON STANDARD PRACTICES. HE WAS NON STANDARD THROUGH ALL PHASES OF FLT; INCLUDING PREFLT BRIEFING AND CHKLISTS. OUR PREFLT BRIEFING INCLUDES XCHKING CLRNC WITH MCP (ALT SELECTOR) AND RADIOS FOR NAVAIDS; RADIALS; SQUAWK; ALT; ETC. THIS PART OF THE PREFLT BRIEFING WAS OMITTED; AND I DID NOT DOUBLE-CHK MY OWN WORK; MISSING THE WRONG ALT SET IN THE MCP.