M20F PLT CONFUSES BNA GND CTLR PHRASEOLOGY TO CONTACT TWR FOR DEP AS A DEP CLRNC FOR TKOF.

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IN PREPARING TO DEPART FROM BNA ON APR/TUE/04; I OBTAINED ATIS AND CONTACTED GND CTL. THE CTLR INSTRUCTED ME TO CONTACT THE TWR (CLRNC DELIVERY SIC) TO GET DEP CLRNC. AFTER RECEIVING DEP INSTRUCTIONS FROM THE TWR; I RETURNED TO THE GND FREQ AND INFORMED THE CTLR THAT I WAS READY TO TAXI. THE CTLR SAID I WAS CLRED TO TAXI TO RWY 20C. WHEN I REACHED THE HOLD SHORT LINE AT RWY 20C; I CALLED THE GND CTLR AND INFORMED HIM THAT I WAS READY TO DEPART. HE CALLED BACK AND STATED 'ACFT X; CLRED FOR DEP.' I REPLIED 'ACFT X; CLRED FOR DEP;' AND THEN PROCEEDED ONTO THE RWY; SET MY GYRO TO RWY ALIGNMENT; AND DEPARTED. SHORTLY AFTER DEP; THE GND CTLR CALLED OUT TO ME AND ASKED IF I WAS AIRBORNE AND I REPLIED THAT I WAS. HE INSTRUCTED ME TO CONTACT THE TWR. THE TWR INSTRUCTED ME TO TURN TO A HDG OF 110 DEGS. I IMMEDIATELY BEGAN A L HAND TURN TOWARDS 110 DEGS; BUT DIDN'T REALIZE AT THAT POINT THAT I HAD SET MY GYRO TO 02 DEGS INSTEAD OF 20 DEGS. AS I CONTINUED MY TURN; THE TWR INFORMED THAT I WAS TURNING TOO FAR TO THE N. I THEN REALIZED WHAT I HAD DONE AND CHKED THE MAGNETIC COMPASS. UNFORTUNATELY; IT WAS UNREADABLE. IT IS AN OLD FLUID TYPE AND WAS ALTERNATELY TURNING AND STICKING. I LOOKED AT MY LORAN FOR A HDG AND IT HAD LOST THE SIGNAL. I RPTED THE GYRO PROB TO THE TWR AND THE CTLR INSTRUCTED ME TO HEAD E. I ATTEMPTED TO RESET MY GYRO TO 180 DEGS OPPOSITE OF MY ORIGINAL SETTING. THE TWR CONTACTED ME TWICE MORE TO GET ME ON AN EASTERLY COURSE. ONCE I GOT THE GYRO RESET; I ASKED THE TWR IF HE COULD CONFIRM THAT I WAS NOW ON A HDG OF 090 DEGS AND HE DID SO. SHORTLY AFTERWARD; I RECEIVED AN INSTRUCTION FROM THE CTLR TO CALL THE TWR AFTER LNDG. AFTER A FEW MINS I HAD RECYCLED MY LORAN AND IT WAS SHOWING THE CORRECT BEARING AND HDG FOR MY DEST. THE REMAINDER OF THE FLT WAS UNEVENTFUL. WHEN I CALLED THE TWR; I WAS COMPLETELY SURPRISED WHEN THE CTLR STATED THAT I HAD DEPARTED WITHOUT CLRNC. IT WASN'T UNTIL I SPOKE WITH MY CFI THAT I REALIZED MY ERROR IN NOT CONTACTING THE TWR FOR DEP CLRNC. SEVERAL FACTORS CONTRIBUTED TO THE EVENTS. PRIMARILY; MY LACK OF EXPERIENCE WITH CTLED FIELD PROCS; COMBINED WITH A FAIRLY EXTENDED HIATUS FROM FLYING; HAD LEFT ME UNPREPARED FOR THE SIT. I HAD BEEN INTO SEVERAL CTLED FIELDS AND HAD BEEN DEPENDING ON FOLLOWING EACH CTLR'S INSTRUCTIONS EXPLICITLY AS THE BEST WAY TO REBUILD MY FAMILIARITY WITH CTLED FIELD PROCS. IN SOME CASES; I HAD BEEN INTO SMALLER FIELDS WHERE A SINGLE CTLR SERVED AS GND; TWR; AND CLRNC DELIVERY. AT ALL OTHER TIMES; THE GND CTLR HAD EXPLICITLY INSTRUCTED ME TO 'CONTACT THE TWR' WHEN I REACHED THE RWY AND RPTED 'READY TO DEPART.' WHEN THE GND CTLR AT NASHVILLE STATED 'CLRED FOR DEP;' I SHOULD HAVE KNOWN TO THEN EITHER CONTACT THE TWR OR ASK THE CTLR IF I SHOULD CONTACT THE TWR. MY INEXPERIENCE; HOWEVER; MADE ME BELIEVE THAT 'CLRED FOR DEP' AND 'CLRED FOR TKOF' WERE THE SAME. CLRLY; THEY ARE NOT. I SHOULD NEVER DEPART A CTLED FIELD WITHOUT BEING IN CONTACT WITH THE 'TWR' CTLR. THE INCORRECT GYRO SETTING; COMBINED WITH A DEFECTIVE COMPASS AND A NON-OPERATING LORAN; SERVED TO EXACERBATE THE PROB WITH THE 'UNANNOUNCED' TKOF. WHILE I FEEL I RECOVERED FAIRLY QUICKLY FROM THE COMBINATION OF EQUIP PROBS; THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT THOSE FEW MINS OF MY INABILITY TO ACCURATELY AND QUICKLY FOLLOW ATC'S INSTRUCTIONS; ESPECIALLY UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UNCTLED DEP; CREATED A DANGEROUS SIT FOR BOTH MYSELF AND OTHER ACFT IN THE AREA.