A B737-700 CREW PROGRAMMED A 'CANNED' FMC ROUTING INSTEAD OF THE AMENDED FILED FLT PLAN AND SUBSEQUENTLY FLEW AN INCORRECT RTE.

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FMC PROGRAMMED FOR '01' RTE. DID NOT NOTICE 'SEE FILED RTE' AT TOP OF PAGE OF RELEASE. VERIFIED RTE TO CLRNC. SEEMED TO AGREE. CAPT VERIFIED FMC RTE TO AGREE WITH CLRNC. APPROX FIRST 4 FIXES WERE THE SAME AS '01' RTE. HOWEVER; THE REST OF THE CLRNC WAS NOT. AFTER RAV; SHOULD HAVE GONE DIRECT PSB J60 GSH THEN THE ARR TO MDW. I SAW ON THE RTE IN THE FMC A J64 WHICH GOES OVER FWA. THE 2 JET AIRWAYS WERE SIMILAR IN NUMBER; SO I DID NOT NOTICE I HAD INCORRECT ROUTING IN THE FMC. APPROX 100 MI W OF RAV; ATC QUERIED US AS TO WHERE WE WERE GOING. I SAID MDW. HE THEN SAID 'WHAT IS YOUR RTE?' I READ BACK THE FILED. HE SAID WE MISSED OUR TURN AND WERE APPROX 50 MI SW OF PSB. HE THEN GAVE US DIRECT DJB TO GET BACK ON COURSE AND HAD US DSND TO FL380. AFTER APOLOGIZING TO ATC FOR THE MISTAKE; HE STATED HE DID NOT NOTICE WE WERE OFF COURSE UNTIL HIS BUDDY NEXT TO HIM SAID SOMETHING. I THINK HAVING SIMILAR ROUTING AND AIRWAYS HAVING SIMILAR NUMBERS WERE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS. NOT VERIFYING ALL FIXES ALONG THE RTE WAS THE ULTIMATE MISTAKE ON MY PART. IN THE FUTURE; I WILL VERIFY THE RTE AND FIXES AND STEP-BY-STEP COMPARE IT TO THE CLRNC. I WILL ALSO BE MINDFUL OF THE RTE AT THE TOP OF THE DISPATCH RELEASE. IS IT A '01' OR 'SEE FILED RTE' SO AS TO ALERT ME THAT THE COMPUTER MAY NOT HAVE THE SAME RTE AS PROGRAMMED.