GIV FLT CREW RPTS ALT DEV DEPARTING TEB AFTER CAPT COMPLIES WITH CLRNC INTENDED FOR ANOTHER ACFT WITH SIMILAR SOUNDING CALL SIGN.

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DEPARTING TEB ARPT ON THE TEB 5 SID; OUR ACFT CLBED WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM THE DEP CTLR. ACCORDING TO THE SID; OUR ACFT SHOULD HAVE BEEN AT 2000 FT MSL AT THE TIME OF THE ALT DEV. THE CAPT; WHO WAS HAND FLYING THE ACFT; MISTAKENLY HEARD A CLB CLRNC FOR ANOTHER COMPANY ACFT WITH A VERY SIMILAR CALL SIGN WHICH HAD DEPARTED THE SAME RWY AND WAS FLYING THE SAME SID. THE CAPT REACHED OVER AND CHANGED THE ALT SELECTOR IN THE COCKPIT TO 9000 FT MSL AND BEGAN AN AGGRESSIVE CLB FROM 2000 FT MSL. THIS ALL TRANSPIRED AT THE TIME THE ARPT TOWER CTLR HAD PASSED US OVER TO THE DEP CTLR. ADDITIONALLY; THERE WAS MODERATE TURBULENCE ON THE DEP WHICH WAS IMC AND THE CTLR REQUESTED THAT OUR XPONDER BE 'RECYCLED' AND THAT WE SQUAWK 'IDENT.' THESE ACTIONS REQUIRED ME AS CO-PLT TO BE 'HEADS DOWN' IN THE COCKPIT FOR A LONGER THAN USUAL PERIOD AS THE TURBULENCE MADE THESE ACTIONS MORE DIFFICULT THAN USUAL. THE DEP CTLR QUESTIONED WHAT ALT WE WERE CLBING TO AND INFORMED US THAT WE HAD NOT BEEN CLRED TO CLB. THERE WERE NO APPARENT TFC CONFLICTS AND THE CTLR INSTRUCTED US TO CONTINUE OUR CLB TO 8000 FT MSL WITH A R TURN 20 DEGS TO A HDG OF 300. THE REMAINDER OF THE FLT WAS UNEVENTFUL AND THERE WAS NO INDICATION FROM THE CTLR OF ANY TFC CONFLICT OR FURTHER ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN BY HIM OR US. THERE ARE SEVERAL CONTRIBUTING FACTORS TO THIS ALT DEV. HERE ARE SOME OF THE SIGNIFICANT ISSUES IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER: 1) ACFT WITH NEARLY IDENTICAL CALL SIGNS DEPARTED FROM THE SAME RWY IMMEDIATELY AFTER EACH OTHER; AND FLYING THE SAME SID. THIS CAN OBVIOUSLY LEAD TO MISCOMMUNICATION BETWEEN CTLRS AND PLTS IN THE RESPECTIVE ACFT AND REQUIRES SPECIAL ATTENTION REGARDING COM PROCS. POSSIBLE SOLUTION: ALLOW A DEP OF A NON-COMPANY ACFT BETWEEN THE TWO COMPANY ACFT WITH SIMILAR CALL SIGNS TO LESSEN THE CHANCE FOR CONFUSION. 2) SIDS WITH SIGNIFICANT ALT; HDG; AND DISTANCE CONSTRAINTS REQUIRE CLOSE ADHERENCE TO ALL STANDARD OPERATING PROCS. THIS COUPLED WITH HIGH DENSITY TFC AT MANY OF THE ARPTS WHERE WE OPERATE REQUIRES PLTS TO BE VIGILANT FOR ALL SEGMENTS OF THE ARPT AND DEP REGIMES. OUR COMPANY DICTATES THAT THE CO-PLT MAKES ALL CHANGES TO THE ALT ALERTER IN THE COCKPIT. THIS IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT WHEN THE PF IS HAND FLYING THE ACFT. THIS ENSURES BOTH PLTS ARE AWARE AND AGREE ON ANY ALT CHANGES AND HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO RESOLVE ANY QUESTIONS REGARDING ALT ASSIGNMENT AND/OR CHANGES IN ALT. THE CAPT DID NOT FOLLOW THESE PROCS AND I WAS TOO BUSY WITH MY HEAD DOWN TO NOTICE UNTIL I FELT THE CONTINUED CLB FROM 2000 FT MSL AND SAW THAT 9000 FT HAD BEEN SET INTO THE ALT ALERTER. AUTOMATION CAN GREATLY REDUCE THE WORKLOAD ON BOTH THE PF AND THE PNF IF IT IS USED CORRECTLY. OUR COMPANY ENCOURAGES ITS USE. ITS USE HERE MIGHT HAVE PREVENTED THE AGGRESSIVE CLB AND ALLOWED MORE TIME TO VERIFY THE ALT. 3) IMPROPER RADIO DISCIPLINE AND COCKPIT COM WAS A MAJOR FACTOR TO THIS DEV. UPON MY SWITCHING FREQUENCIES FROM TWR TO DEP CTLRS; THE CAPT HEARD THE TAIL END OF A CLRNC FOR A CLB FOR OUR COMPANY ACFT. WHILE THE CTLR INSTRUCTED ME TO CHK OUR XPONDER; THE CAPT COMMENCED A CLB AND DID NOT TELL DEP THAT HE WAS CLBING. HE DID NOT TELL ME HE WAS CLBING. WHEN I REALIZED WE WERE CLBING AND SAW THAT THE ALT ALERTER HAD BEEN CHANGED I ASKED HIM WHAT ALT WE HAD BEEN CLRED TO. HE SAID 9000 FT. I ASKED IF HE WAS SURE. I CHKED WITH DEP AND PASSING APPROX 3000 FT MSL TOLD THEM THAT WE WERE CLBING TO 9000 FT. AT THAT TIME DEP INFORMED US THAT WE HAD NOT BEEN CLRED TO CLB. I TOLD THE CAPT TO LEVEL OFF AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER THAT THE CTLR CONTINUED OUR CLB TO 8000 FT. IN BUSY SITS ESPECIALLY IN THE TERMINAL AREA; ALWAYS FOLLOW PROPER RADIO PROTOCOL. HAVE POSITIVE COM ESTABLISHED WITH EACH CTLR AND MAKE SURE ALL CREW MEMBERS ARE IN AGREEMENT WITH WHAT THOSE INSTRUCTIONS ARE.