DISTRACTIONS ON TAXI OUT AND TKOF RESULT IN DHC8 FLT CREW FAILURE TO RETRACT LNDG GEAR IN A TIMELY FASHION.

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WE WERE CLRED TO BACK-TAXI FOR RWY 17. DURING THE BACK-TAXI; WE WERE CLRED FOR TKOF RWY 17 'AFTER 180.' WE HAD NOT HEARD THE HOLD SHORT READBACK; WE QUERIED THE CTLR AND WAS TOLD THE OTHER ACFT WAS HOLDING SHORT; AND REPRIMANDED THE OTHER PLT FOR NOT READING BACK. THIS DEP WAS FROM A MINIMUM WIDTH RWY; WITH FLAPS 15 DEGS. WE WERE ISSUED AN AMENDED ALT AND RESPONDED PRIOR TO COMMENCING THE ROLL. WE COMMENCED THE ROLL AND WERE DISTR WITH HOW LITTLE RWY WAS LEFT UPON ROTATION. POSITIVE RATE CALL WAS MISSED; GEAR UP CALL WAS MISSED. REACHED ACCELERATION HT AND TURNED ON COURSE; THE CLBOUT WAS COMMENCED AND WE NOTICED A DEGRADED CLB. AT ABOUT THAT POINT WE NOTICED THE GEAR WAS DOWN; AND CORRECTED THE PROB. WE WERE AT 155 INDICATED AND DID NOT EXCEED ANY LIMITATIONS. THE 'NONSTANDARD OPS;' IE; UNUSUAL FLAP SETTING; SHORT RWY; AMENDED ALT AFTER TKOF CLRNC; COMPRESSED THE WORKLOAD TO THE POINT THAT THE CALLS WERE NOT MADE WHEN THEY SHOULD HAVE. WE WOULD HAVE CAUGHT THIS IN THE AFTER TKOF CHKLIST WHEN WE RAN IT; BUT DISCOVERED IT BEFORE.