ACR MLG DEVIATION FROM CLRNC ALT IN RESPONSE TO WRONG CALLSIGN.

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UPON CLBOUT FROM PHL; WE LEVELED AT 10000' AND PHL DEP CTL SWITCHED US TO NY CENTER FREQ 133.05. CALLED CENTER WHO ANSWERED; 'ROGER QRB. CLRED JFK CLB TO 230.' ACKNOWLEDGED XMISSION; BEGAN CLB AND TURN. AT 11200' CENTER CALLED AND SAID; 'QRB; MAINTAIN 10000.' WE CALLED BACK AND SAID WE WERE THROUGH 11000' AND THAT WE HAD ACKNOWLEDGED CLRNC FOR DIRECT JFK CLB TO 230. CTLR SAID THAT WAS FOR QAX. AT THIS TIME A DIFFERENT VOICE CAME ON AND TOLD US TO MAINTAIN 11000' AND FLY A 100 DEG HDG. 2 MINS LATER WE WERE CLRED BY THE ORIGINAL CTLR TO DIRECT JFK; CLB TO 230. OBVIOUSLY CTLR TRNING WAS IN PROGRESS. BOTH PLTS AGREED THAT WE; QRB; HAD RECEIVED CLRNC AND THAT CTLR WAS IN ERROR. NO TFC CONFLICT OCCURRED; THANKFULLY. AN HONEST BUT POSSIBLY DEADLY MISTAKE DURING TRNING. IRONICALLY; AS A CHIEF AIRMAN FOR MY COMPANY; I WAS ALSO TRNING A NEW F/O ON THIS TRIP. CONCLUSION: ALTHOUGH MISTAKES LIKE THIS ARE VERY DANGEROUS; IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THEY WILL OCCUR. HUMAN BEINGS WILL NEVER BE PERFECT AND WE ALL MUST BE FOREVER VIGILANT TO PROTECT OUR LIVES AND THOSE OF OUR PAX.