ACR LGT TOOK OFF WITH NOSE GEAR PIN INSTALLED. RETURN AND LAND.

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PRIOR TO DEP ALL CREW MEMBERS PERFORMED DUTIES AND COMPLETED CHKLISTS AS NORMAL COMPANY PROC. WE DEPARTED RWY 34. WINDS WERE CALM AND THE RWY WAS DRY; WX BASIC VFR. AFTER TKOF WE WERE UNABLE TO GET THE NOSE GEAR TO RETRACT; WHILE FOLLOWING THE PRESCRIBED DEP PROC. THE S/O BEGAN TO LOOK THROUGH THE FLT MANUAL ABNORMAL SECTION TO ADDRESS THE SITUATION. WE RECYCLED THE GEAR SEVERAL TIMES AND THE NOSE GEAR WOULD NOT RETRACT. BY THIS TIME WE HAD RECEIVED CLRNC TO HOLD AT OUR PRESENT POS AND ALT (25 NM SE OF YYC VOR AT 12000'). THE S/O THEN WENT BACK TO LOOK THROUGH THE VIEWING PORT TO VERIFY THE POS OF THE NOSEGEAR. IT WAS INDEED DOWN AND LOCKED. WE THEN VERIFIED THAT WE HAD IN THE COCKPIT 3 GEAR PINS AS WAS ACKNOWLEDGED BY THE S/O DURING THE ACFT RECEIVING CHKLIST. THE S/O CONFIRMED THAT HE DID NOT SEE ANY PIN OR FLAG IN THE NOSEWHEEL ON HIS PREFLT INSPECTION. WE DECIDED TO RETURN TO CALGARY; SO WE RECEIVED CLRNC BACK TO RWY 34. UPON RETURNING TO THE GATE A FOURTH PIN WAS DISCOVERED TO BE INSERTED IN THE LOCKING MECHANISM OF THE NOSEGEAR. THE GND PERSONNEL SAID THEY DID NOT SEE THE PIN INSERTED WHEN THE HOOKED UP THE NOSE WHEEL STEERING AFTER PUSHBACK. WE REFUELED AND RECEIVED AN AMENDED RELEASE AND PROCEEDED TO HOUSTON UNEVENTFULLY. THE CONTRIBUTING FACTORS SEEM TO BE DIFFERENT PROCS THAT ARE USED BY FBO AND ACR B REFERENCING THE TOWING OF ACFT. THERE WAS NO LOG BOOK ENTRY MADE RE: THE USE OF GEAR PINS TO TOW THE ACFT TO OR FROM THE GATE. SUPPLEMENTAL INFO FROM ACN 97074: AS THE F/E I COMPLETED A NORMAL WALKAROUND WITH NO ABNORMALITIES NOTED. THE NOSE GEAR PIN WAS NOT OBSERVED WHILE INSPECTING THE NOSE GEAR WHEEL WELL. SUPPLEMENTAL INFO FROM ACN 97190: AFTER THE ACFT WAS TOWED TO THE GATE; A MAINT PROB WITH #2 ENG/APU ISOLATION VALVE WAS DISCOVERED. ALSO DURING FUELING; LEFT TANK WAS OVERFILLED AND FUEL SPILL UNDER LEFT WING RESULTED. THESE LED TO GATE DEP APPROX XA30 LCL. IT SHOULD ALSO BE NOTED THAT FBO DID THE PUSHBACK FOR INITIAL TKOF; AND THEIR MAN DID NOT NOTICE GEAR PIN (OR STREAMER).