An MD-88 Captain reported engine problem after takeoff. An emergency was declared; the engine shut down; and a safe landing ensued. Reporter suggested better help from ATC would have been appreciated.

Narrative

On climbout was hand flying when heard loud explosion accompanied with pronounced airframe vibration; numerous Environmental Advocacy and Organizing Program (EAOP) messages; and Master Caution lights. Right engine instruments reading zeros or dashes; and First Officer announced 'right engine failure.' Declared an emergency with ATC and turned for visual return. Flight attendants call; notifying us of haze in cabin. At that time; cockpit was clear. [We] advised flight attendants of situation; by now; airframe vibration gone; and aircraft flying normally. Shut down right engine. Just past abeam; I noticed haze at First Officer's feet. Called ATC for immediate return; should visibility become an issue. Completed checklists; and flew visual approach; landing and rollout uneventful. Cleared runway; and fire crew inspected aircraft. All clear and cabin air clearing. Taxi to gate; and deplane. Recommendations: After declaring an emergency; ATC should set up for runway requested (unless unusable); and not try to give us other runways. This is an extreme workload time; and an inappropriate time to suggest over runways. An abbreviated ENG FAILURE/FIRE/DAMAGE checklist printed on outside of QRH when immediate return is possible and prudent.