1962-05-09: Convair CV-240 (PP-CEZ) — Cruzeiro do Sul — Vitoria, Brazil

23 fatalitiesVitoria, BrazilLanding (descent or approach)

A scheduled international flight crashed into a tree during its final approach to runway 23 in Vitória, resulting in 23 fatalities.

What happened

During a scheduled international service traveling from Rio de Janeiro to Vitória, the aircraft was operating under instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) at approximately 2,700 m while over Guararapi. Following instructions from air traffic control, the flight descended to 2,100 m with orders to maintain this altitude until reaching the Vitória NDB. By 22:28 GMT, the crew reported they were three minutes from their destination and had transitioned into visual meteorological conditions (VMC).

As the aircraft proceeded with its descent toward runway 23, the tower controller observed the pilot adjusting the landing lights during the downwind leg of the approach. After the flight reported being on final approach, landing instructions were reiterated. During the final stages of the descent, an attempt was made to apply power to climb; however, the aircraft type struck a eucalyptus tree at an altitude of 40 m, located 1,860 m from the runway threshold. At this point in the established approach, the aircraft should have maintained a minimum height of 190 m.

The impact triggered a fire that completely destroyed the plane. The accident resulted in 23 fatalities and two serious injuries among the occupants.

Findings

Investigations concluded that the pilot failed to follow the specific approach procedures established by the airline operator. This deviation led to a misjudgment of the aircraft's distance from the runway threshold.

Probable cause

The pilot failed to adhere to airline-prescribed approach procedures, resulting in an incorrect estimation of the aircraft's proximity to the runway.