Air carrier Captain reported a critical ground conflict when an opposing air carrier was on the same taxiway.

Narrative

Called for taxi from spot XX. We were instructed to taxi to runway XX on 1; runway XY; 2; with more instructions to follow. As we entered 1; we were instructed to taxi runway XY; 3; 4 short runway XZ. While we were exiting runway XY on 2; ground instructed us to continue taxi on 2; 5; 4; short runway XZ. I believe this was to keep 3 clear for traffic landing on Runway XX. Approaching 5; I looked left to ensure the area was clear prior to turning left. I did not see any traffic. As the turn progressed I saw an Aircraft Y taxiing south on 4 creating a collision hazard. I rapidly applied the brakes and brought the airplane to a stop. The Aircraft Y also came to a stop. I had the FO clarify our taxi instructions with ground. Ground confirmed our instructions were correct and to proceed onto 4 and instructed Aircraft Y to follow behind us.Cause: Conflicting traffic at the intersection of 4 and 5. When we contacted ground for clarification it sounded as if there was a controller change around the time we were given our taxi instructions. The controller seemed apologetic for the situation.It is essential for pilots to clear the direction they are about to turn and to continue looking in the direction you want the airplane to go. Visibility is limited out of the sides of plane. Controllers also need to ensure proper briefs are conducted prior to controller changes.