An A320 Captain described being unable to resolve a CRM conflict with his First Officer regarding seemingly minor issues such as cabin temperature and aircraft landing weight.

Narrative

Due to stress caused at the beginning of the flight due to First Officer being angry and insubordinate during preflight concerning management of cabin temperature; communication and attention to detail suffered on the ensuing flight. We were right at maximum landing weight on landing and could have had a better safety margin since the flight time was 3:52 and the First Officer identified that landing weight issue after about 1:30 into the flight. I do not believe that we landed overweight but due to our Quality Assurance System data possibly showing it because of fuel quantity being incorrect at a second in time at touchdown because of being so close to the limit; I wanted to make a report. Captains need to be given more power to handle misbehaving First Officers. If First Officers that like to challenge Captain's thought they would be in real jeopardy of consequences for bad behavior which is insubordination; they would be much less likely to do it. Then the overall chain of command would be intact and function correctly thus enhancing safety margins and regulatory compliance.