What happened
On May 29, 2009, a Cessna 152, registration CS-AVC, was performing a solo navigation flight departing from Cascais Aerodrome (LPCS). The pilot, a student engaged in an airline pilot training course, had initially planned a route heading north toward Peniche. However, after encountering significant turbulence near the southern slopes of the Sintra mountains, the pilot decided to abort the mission and return to the base.
During the approach to runway 35, the aircraft was flying at an excessive speed with 25 degrees of flaps extended. The landing was performed too low, causing the aircraft to balloon and subsequently impact the runway on its nose gear. The force of the impact caused the nose gear strut to fracture, leading to the propeller blades striking the runway surface. The aircraft came to a halt on the runway centerline in a nose-down position. The pilot sustained no injuries and evacuated the aircraft unaided.
The investigation
The GPIAAF investigation examined the aircraft's maintenance records, the pilot's flight history, and the meteorological conditions at the time of the accident. Investigators analyzed the impact on the nose gear and the damage to the propeller and engine cradle. The investigation also reviewed the aeronautical information published in the Portugal AIP, which notes the potential for windshear on runway 35 during north winds exceeding 10 knots.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was deficient piloting technique during the approach and landing phases.
- The pilot approached the runway with excessive airspeed, making it difficult to dissipate lift and execute a proper flare.
- The pilot's flight experience was characterized by a lack of continuity, having had a six-month medical hiatus and a training schedule spread over a long period, which hindered the development of necessary proficiency and confidence.
- The pilot was performing only her fourth solo flight mission.
- Meteorological conditions, including north winds of 10 knots, were conducive to windshear near the runway threshold, which likely contributed to the pilot's anxiety and instability during the approach.