What happened
On June 11, 2016, a private pilot was conducting the third flight of the day in an ultralight Tulak, registration SP-SALL. The flight originated from Jelenia Góra (EPJG) with a planned landing at the Świebodzice (EPWC) landing field. Weather conditions were very good and winds were calm.
During the final approach, the pilot utilized 15° flaps and low engine power. While attempting to flare approximately 100 meters before the landing area, the pilot experienced an unexpected increase in the rate of descent. In an attempt to arrest the sink rate, the pilot increased engine power, but the aircraft's altitude was insufficient. The aircraft's landing gear first made contact with crops in the field and subsequently struck an asphalt road embankment that sat approximately 1 meter higher than the landing surface. The impact caused the main landing gear, propeller, and engine cowling to sustain damage. No injuries were reported.
The investigation
The investigation examined the flight parameters, the aircraft's weight and balance, and the pilot's actions during the flare. Investigators noted that the pilot's habit of performing short landings contributed to the low approach. Furthermore, the investigation revealed that the total weight of the occupants (approximately 165 kg) exceeded the maximum allowable crew weight of 152 kg specified for the aircraft. Consequently, the aircraft's maximum takeoff weight was exceeded, even before accounting for fuel and baggage.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the pilot's incorrect assessment of altitude during the final phase of flight, leading to an undershoot.
- The pilot's reaction to the increased sink rate during the flare was inadequate.
- The approach was planned incorrectly, characterized by a too-low and too-flat glide path.
- The aircraft was operated in an overweight condition, exceeding the maximum allowable takeoff weight.
- The use of 15° flaps during a landing in windless conditions was unjustified and contributed to the flat approach.
- A lack of pilot concentration, potentially due to the very favorable weather conditions, served as a contributing factor.