What happened
On March 18, 2020, two aircraft were conducting training flights in the aerodrome traffic pattern at Warsaw-Babice (EPBC) airport. The first aircraft, a PS28 Cruiser with registration SP-GBR, was performing maneuvers in the pattern. At approximately 14:50 LMT, the crew of the PS28 Cruiser notified the Aerodrome Flight Information Service Officer (AFISO) of their intention to perform an engine-out simulated approach. While the crew stated they were not performing a full simulation, the AFISO suggested a left-hand pattern to runway 2/28L.
Simultaneously, a Cessna 172, registration SP-OTC, was also operating in the pattern. The PS28 Cruiser was positioned ahead of and lower than the Cessna 172, which significantly hindered the Cessna 172 crew's ability to visually monitor the other aircraft. Although the AFISO suggested the Cessna 172 use runway 28R to avoid the simulated approach, the crew of the Cessna 172 repeatedly declared their intention to land on runway 28L.
As both aircraft approached runway 28L, a landing for the Cessna 172 behind the PS28 Cruiser became impossible. The AFISO attempted to manage the sequence by suggesting a low approach or a long landing for the Cessna 172. The PS28 Cruiser subsequently performed a low approach. The AFISO observed that the two aircraft were approaching dangerously close and instructed the Cessna 172 to deviate right. The Cessna 172 crew aborted the approach and turned right, passing the climbing PS28 Cruiser. During a subsequent left-hand turn, the Cessna 172 flew in front of the PS28 Cruiser. Notably, the crews of the two aircraft were not in radio contact with each other during either of these close encounters.
The investigation
The PKBWL examined the flight communications, the sequence of maneuvers, and the traffic management efforts provided by the AFISO. The investigation focused on the visibility of the lead aircraft and the effectiveness of the separation instructions provided by the aerodrome service.