Pilot Fatigue Leads to Loss of Control During Night Landing in Azores

Casualties unknown • Santa Maria, PT

A single-pilot ferry flight involving a Thrush S2R T660 ended in a violent runway excursion at St. Maria Airport due to suspected spatial disorientation caused by fatigue.

What happened

On September 5, 2005, a Thrush S2R T660-114DC, registration N40789, was conducting a ferry flight from St. Johns, Canada, to Rabat, Morocco, with a technical stop at St. Maria Airport in the Azores. The aircraft, operated by Thrush Aircraft Inc., was flying solo during a long-duration mission involving multiple time zone crossings.

As the pilot was turning final for runway 36, a loud bang was heard and the aircraft's landing lights suddenly extinguished. Believing the engine had failed because the RPM indication disappeared (though ITT remained normal), the pilot retracted the flaps to improve the glide profile. This action increased the stall speed and caused a nose-up attitude, which obscured the pilot's view of the runway lights.

Lacking visual references in the darkness of a new moon, the aircraft struck the ground violently on the clearway approximately 250 meters before the runway threshold. The impact was severe enough to sever the tailwheel and cause the aircraft to bounce multiple times. During the subsequent sequence of impacts, the left main landing gear detached and was struck by the rotating propeller, causing the aircraft to skid and come to rest near the runway.

Probable cause

The probable cause of the accident was the pilot's inadvertent actions under the influence of **fatigue**, which led to a loss of situational awareness and aircraft control after an electrical malfunction occurred during a high-workload landing phase.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 2005-09-05 Thrush S2R T660-114DC accident near Santa Maria, PT?

A single-pilot ferry flight involving a Thrush S2R T660 ended in a violent runway excursion at St. Maria Airport due to suspected spatial disorientation caused by fatigue.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 2005-09-05 involved a Thrush S2R T660-114DC, at Santa Maria, PT.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The probable cause of the accident was the pilot's inadvertent actions under the influence of **fatigue**, which led to a loss of situational awareness and aircraft control after an electrical malfunction occurred during a high-workload landing phase.

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