What happened
On November 22, 2007, a Piper PA-28-140, registration PT-KAA, departed from Runway 17 at the Salvador Aerodrome (SBSV) bound for Vera Cruz. The aircraft was carrying a pilot and three passengers. Shortly after takeoff, the pilot executed a left turn and notified the control tower of an intention to attempt a landing. During this maneuver, the aircraft entered a stall and collided with the ground near the airport' and apron area.
The impact was severe, causing the aircraft to lose both wings and resulting in a fire in the engine, fuselage, and cabin. The accident resulted in two fatalities among the passengers, while the pilot and the remaining passenger sustained serious injuries. The aircraft was destroyed and considered a total economic loss.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation established that the aircraft was operating in an unsafe configuration. The investigation examined the pilot's flight experience, the aircraft's maintenance records, and the environmental conditions at the time of the accident. Investigators reviewed cockpit footage provided by a passenger, which revealed a high level of euphoria and distraction among the occupants during pre-flight preparations.
Technical analysis of the wreckage and flight data indicated that the aircraft was over its maximum takeoff weight and that the center of gravity (CG) was positioned behind the mean aerodynamic chord (MAC). The investigation also looked into the pilot's training, noting that while the pilot held valid licenses, there were deficiencies in advanced instruction regarding weight and balance and stall recovery techniques.
Findings
- The aircraft was overweight and the center of gravity was improperly positioned behind the MAC.
- The pilot failed to perform the necessary weight and balance calculations prior to departure.
- A high level of euphoria and distraction during pre-flight preparations diverted the pilot's attention from essential safety procedures.
- The pilot attempted to return to the runway while the aircraft was in a pre-stall condition, facing a strong crosswind.
- The pilot's lack of operational maturity and insufficient experience in managing complex flight conditions contributed to the improper use of flight controls.
- The pilot's training lacked in-depth instruction regarding weight, balance, and effective stall recovery.