What happened
On June 30, 2015, a Tecnam P2002JR, registration EC-KQG, was performing a flight from Cuatro Vientos (LECU) to Casarrubios (LEMT). After departing at 12:53 local time, the pilot began experiencing extreme heat within the cockpit due to high ambient temperatures of 37°C. Fearing heatstroke and potential incapacitation, the pilot decided to divert to the Griñón airfield, a location with which he was familiar.
The landing at Griñón was conducted on runway 30 with a tailwind. The pilot attempted to touch down in the first third of the runway but noted the aircraft was traveling at a higher speed than specified, likely due to the high density altitude. During the landing roll, the aircraft failed to stop within the 434-meter runway, overshooting the end and striking the perimeter fence. The impact caused the aircraft to overturn on an embankment adjacent to the M-407 road. The pilot sustained minor injuries, but the aircraft suffered heavy damage.
The investigation
Investigators examined the aircraft's fuel levels and engine performance. Upon inspection at the crash site and later in a hangar, it was discovered that the wing tanks were empty. While the carburetors and pumps contained a small amount of fuel, the levels were significantly lower than normal. The investigation also analyzed the pilot's flight planning, noting that the pilot had refueled using approximately 8 liters of fuel from hand-carried jugs, leading to an estimated total of 25 liters in both tanks.
Technical analysis of the atmospheric conditions revealed a high density altitude of 5,000 feet, which significantly degraded aircraft performance and increased the required landing distance. Furthermore, the investigation compared the pilot's estimated fuel consumption against actual manufacturer specifications and flight duration, finding that the pilot's planning was significantly below safe margins.
Findings
- The pilot had limited experience, with only 7:36 hours on this specific aircraft type.
- The landing was performed on a runway much shorter than those the pilot typically used.
- The approach was conducted with a tailwind and at an excessive speed for the conditions.
- Improper flight planning resulted in an imminent lack of fuel, as the amount of fuel added was insufficient for the actual flight duration and consumption.
- High temperatures and atmospheric instability created turbulent conditions and physical stress for the pilot.