What happened
On March 16, 2018, a Neiva EMB-201A, registration PT-UGA, was performing agricultural spraying operations near Usina Diana in Avanhandava, São Paulo. The aircraft, operated by Aeromaj Aviação Agrícola Ltda., took off from an agricultural landing strip to apply inputs to crops. Shortly after rotation during the takeoff roll, the engine failed. The pilot was forced to perform an emergency landing in an adjacent sugarcane plantation. While the aircraft sustained substantial damage, the pilot emerged from the crash uninjured.
The investigation
CENIPA investigators examined the aircraft's engine and fuel system, noting that while the engine was originally certified for AvGas, it had been converted to operate on ethanol (AEHC). The investigation focused on the components used in this conversion. Investigators identified that the aircraft was equipped with a Tecfil brand fuel filter that was not certified for aeronautical use. Research into the manufacturer's catalog revealed that this specific filter was designed for use in diesel-powered trucks, rather than for aviation applications or the specific fuel type used in the aircraft.
Findings
- The use of a non-certified automotive fuel filter designed for diesel engines was a critical factor.
- The improper filter may have failed to provide the necessary fuel flow required for the engine.
- The use of an automotive-grade filter presented a risk of low filtration efficiency, potentially allowing impurities to enter the fuel system and disrupt engine operation.
- The pilot held valid medical and flight certifications and was experienced in the type of operation.