What happened
On May 9, 2021, a Robinson R44 II helicopter, registration PT-PSD, was conducting a private flight from Caratinga to an unregistered quarry area in Tombos, Minas Gerais. The aircraft was carrying a pilot and three passengers. During the landing phase on the unprepared and sloped terrain, the helicopter tilted forward and to the right. The pilot reported that the aircraft began oscillating longitudinally and laterally, and the controls—specifically the cyclic and pedals—became unresponsive. This sequence led to a lateral impact with the ground, resulting in a dynamic rollover. Despite the substantial damage to the aircraft, all four occupants escaped without injury.
The investigation
CENIPA investigators examined the pilot's credentials and flight history, noting that while the pilot held a valid medical certificate and single-engine conventional helicopter rating, they possessed limited experience specifically with the R44 model. The pilot's last flight in an R44 had occurred in early 2017. The investigation also reviewed the environmental conditions, noting that while weather was within VFR minimums, the pilot had not observed the prevailing winds in the area. Because the aircraft was moved from the site before a full weight and balance assessment could be performed, investigators relied on the hypothesis of a dynamic rollover caused by the uneven, sloped surface of the quarry.
Findings
- The pilot had limited experience in the R44 model, with only 63 total flight hours accumulated.
- The landing was attempted on an unprepared, inclined, and irregular surface.
- The pilot's lack of recent proficiency in this specific aircraft type contributed to difficulties managing the aircraft during the landing.
- Inadequate flight planning regarding the landing site and environmental conditions contributed to the occurrence.