What happened
On 14 July 2016, a Piper PA-28-161, registration 9M-SKE, was performing a solo circuit and landing session at Malacca International Airport. The flight, operated by Malaysian Flying Academy, was being conducted by a student pilot with 23 hours of flight experience.
After completing an uneventful first circuit, the student pilot commenced a second approach. While on final approach, the pilot reduced power at the threshold. During the landing attempt, the aircraft's main gear contacted the runway, but the aircraft immediately bounced. The pilot attempted to initiate a go-around by applying power; however, a second bounce occurred before full power could be established. Fearing the aircraft might pitch up and strike the tail on the runway, the pilot reduced the power to idle. This action caused the aircraft to pitch forward, leading to a third bounce and a heavy impact on the nosewheel. The aircraft eventually came to rest in a nose-down position at the 500ft marker.
The investigation
AAIB Malaysia investigators examined the wreckage and the circumstances surrounding the flight. The investigation confirmed that the student pilot sustained no injuries and was able to exit the aircraft unaided. The aircraft suffered substantial damage to the propeller and the nosewheel gear assembly, with scuff marks on the runway consistent with a nosewheel collapse.
Findings
- The pilot likely provided an insufficient flare during the initial touchdown, which triggered the first bounce.
- The sequence of events was exacerbated by the pilot's decision to retard the power to idle during the second bounce to prevent a tail strike.
- This reduction in power caused the aircraft to pitch down, resulting in the nosewheel striking the runway with significant force.
Safety action
To mitigate this training hazard, the operator is expected to ensure that instructors and students are continuously trained in proper landing techniques and the correct corrective actions required to manage bounced landings.