What happened
On May 16, 2018, at approximately 13:30 UTC, a Cessna 150L, registration PR-WLL, was conducting a local training flight at the Associação Recreativa Fazenda Bonanza aerodrome in Salto de Pirapora, Brazil. The flight, which included two pilots, consisted of several maneuvers, including touch-and-go landings and simulated engine failure procedures.
After completing two departures from runway 01, the crew performed a third takeoff from runway 19. During the initial climb, while initiating a left turn to enter the crosswind leg, the aircraft collided with a eucalyptus plantation located near the end of the runway. The impact resulted in substantial damage to the aircraft, though both occupants emerged uninjured.
The investigation
CENIPA investigators examined the aircraft's engine, a Continental O-200-A, and the fuel samples. The engine tests showed no abnormalities, and the AVGAS was found to be within specifications with no signs of contamination. The aircraft's maintenance records, including the airworthiness certificate and annual inspections, were all up to date, and the aircraft was within weight and balance limits.
The investigation focused on the performance of the aircraft relative to the terrain and environmental conditions. While the runway was 610 meters long, the takeoff from runway 19 was performed with a tailwind and against a 1.3% uphill gradient. Investigators calculated that under the observed temperature of 26°C and the specific runway gradient, the aircraft's performance was insufficient to safely clear the 20-meter tall trees located 822 meters from the opposite end of the runway.
Findings
- The takeoff from runway 19 was performed with a tailwind and a positive runway gradient.
- The aircraft lacked sufficient performance under the prevailing atmospheric conditions to safely clear obstacles at the end of the runway.
- Inadequate pilot judgment regarding the impact of the tailwind and runway gradient on takeoff performance.
- Inadequate flight planning regarding the aircraft's performance capabilities and the surrounding terrain.