What happened
On July 5, 2017, a Robinson R66 helicopter, registration PP-JMB, was performing a private flight from Macaé to Rio de Janeiro. While cruising at approximately 1,000 feet, the pilot observed birds near the flight path near Rio das Ostras and attempted several evasive maneuvers. Despite these efforts, a black vulture struck the rear of the aircraft.
The impact caused intense vibrations and a loss of tail rotor control. Although the pilot managed to maintain a precarious level of control at speeds between 60 and 70 knots, the increasing vibrations made reaching the intended destination impossible. The pilot initiated an emergency autorotation toward an open field. During the flare maneuver, due to the lack of effective pedal control, the aircraft made an irregular touchdown and overturned to the left. The aircraft sustained substantial damage, but the pilot remained uninjured and the passenger sustained only minor injuries.
The investigation
CENIPA investigators examined the wreckage and recovered organic material from the vertical stabilizer and tail rotor blades. Laboratory analysis confirmed the material was 100% consistent with the species *Coragyps atratus* (black vulture). Technical analysis of the tail rotor components revealed that all fractures were the result of overload failure, with no evidence of fatigue or corrosion.
The investigation also included a site visit to a nearby landfill in Rio das Ostras. Investigators confirmed a high density of vultures in the area, noting that the landfill acted as a significant attractant for the birds. The investigation highlighted that the presence of such large bird populations near flight paths is a known risk factor linked to urban waste management.
Findings
- The primary contributing factor was the presence of a bird during flight.
- The nearby landfill served as a major attractant for the vulture population.
- The pilot was properly licensed, qualified, and experienced for the flight.
- The aircraft was airworthy, within weight and balance limits, and had up-to-date maintenance records.
- Meteorological conditions were favorable for flight at the time of the occurrence.