What happened
On June 7, 2013, an AT-502B aircraft, registration PT-SUL, was engaged in aerial application operations at Caimbé Farm in Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso. During the takeoff roll from a 910-meter gravel runway, the pilot began jettisoning the hopper load before the aircraft had reached the end of the departure runway.
The aircraft failed to become airborne and ran over the end of the runway, entering a nearby cotton plantation. The terrain was uneven with a leftward declivity, causing the aircraft to capsize and come to rest in an upside-tended position. Following the impact, a fire broke out in the left wing and spread toward the cockpit. An agricultural assistant on-site was able to reach the wreckage and extricate the pilot, who sustained minor injuries.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation focused on the aircraft's performance and the operational parameters used during the takeoff. Investigators determined that the aircraft was significantly overweight. Calculations revealed a takeoff weight of approximately 4,461 kg, which was 832 kg above the maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 3,629 kg.
Technical analysis of the flap mechanism also revealed that the flaps were in the full extension position during the takeoff roll. The investigation examined the pilot's training, the operator's safety management, and the availability of technical documentation. It was noted that the aircraft flight manual was only available in English, which presented a language barrier for the pilot.
Findings
- The aircraft exceeded its maximum takeoff weight by over 800 kg.
- The pilot utilized a full flap setting for takeoff, a practice influenced by an informal culture among local agricultural pilots seeking better performance.
- The pilot failed to consult the aircraft flight manual to calculate takeoff distance and performance requirements.
- The operator lacked a formal training program to ensure pilots demonstrated proficiency in aircraft operational limits.
- The lack of risk management by the operator regarding the use of the contingent landing area contributed to the accident.
- The availability of operational manuals only in English acted as a potential contributing factor to the pilot's lack of knowledge regarding operational limits.