What happened
On October 15, 2020, a Robinson R44 helicopter, registration PR-ESK, crashed in a high-relief area within the Passa Três district, located in the municipality of Rio Claro, Rio de Janeiro. Witnesses on the ground reported observing the aircraft falling in a vertical trajectory, noting that the main rotor was not rotating at the time of impact. The collision with the hilltop terrain resulted in two fatalities, involving both the pilot and the passenger. The aircraft sustained substantial damage throughout its entire structure.
The investigation
CENIPA's investigation into the accident revealed a significant lack of documentation and regulatory compliance. The aircraft's Certificate of Airworthiness (CVA) had been expired since August 29, 2018, meaning the helicopter was not legally fit for operation. Investigators were unable to access the airframe or engine logbooks, and the pilot had not filed a flight plan with the Airspace Control Department (DECEA).
During the wreckage analysis, investigators discovered several unauthorized and non-certified modifications. A battery used in the aircraft was identified as a type intended for ground vehicles rather than aeronautical use. Furthermore, investigators found an adapted fuel system consisting of tubing running from the main tank to an automotive-standard electric pump. This setup, along with the presence of plastic containers in the cockpit that smelled of aviation gasoline, suggested an unauthorized attempt to extend the aircraft's range through in-flight refueling. Additionally, metal beverage cans were found secured to the aircraft's internal tubing with clamps.
Findings
- The aircraft was operating with an expired Certificate of Airworthiness.
- The installation of non-certified components, including an automotive battery and an unapproved electric fuel pump, rendered the aircraft in an unsafe condition.
- The pilot held valid medical and instructor ratings, but recent flight experience and specific qualifications for the mission could not be verified due to missing logbook data.
- The lack of available maintenance records and flight documentation prevented the identification of the specific direct cause of the loss of control.