What happened
On September 20, 2014, a Robinson R44 II helicopter, registration PR-CIG, departed from an uncertified and unregistered area on the banks of the Furnas Reservoir in Fama, Minas Gerais. The flight was intended to be a sightseeing tour, carrying a pilot and two passengers.
Immediately after takeoff, the aircraft performed an unusual maneuver, moving backward before initiating a right-hand climbing turn. As the aircraft completed a 180-degree turn, the upward trajectory was interrupted, and the helicopter began descending toward the water. The aircraft ultimately collided with the surface of the reservoir, resulting in the destruction of the helicopter. The pilot sustained minor injuries, while both passengers suffered fatal injuries.
The investigation
CENIPA investigators established that the pilot was fully qualified with a valid commercial helicopter license and approximately 1,400 hours of experience in the model. The aircraft was also found to be in a valid airworthy condition, with up-to-date maintenance logs and within weight and balance limits.
The investigation revealed that the pilot had traveled to the region to conduct sightseeing flights during a local festival. Although the aircraft was registered under the Private Air Services (TPP) category—which prohibits remunerated flights—witnesses indicated that passengers were paying for these tours. Furthermore, the takeoff site was not a recognized landing area, lacked any safety perimeter, or signage, and the pilot had not sought the required prior authorization for occasional operations in uncertified locations.
Investigators also noted that the surface of the reservoir was extremely calm and "glassy." This condition likely created a visual illusion, making it difficult for the pilot to perceive the aircraft's true height above the water. The lack of corrective control inputs during the final descent suggests a significant loss of situational awareness.
Findings
- The pilot performed an unconventional takeoff involving backward movement and a climbing turn.
- The operation was conducted from an uncertified area without proper safety markings or authorization.
- The use of a private-category aircraft for what appeared to be remunerated services violated regulatory standards.
- Visual illusions caused by the mirrored surface of the water likely compromised the pilot's depth perception.
- Errors in pilot judgment and decision-making contributed to the unsafe operational environment.