What happened
On a night flight under instrument meteorological conditions, a Dassault/Sud Fan Jet Falcon, registration N212R, was conducting a cargo flight from Kansas to Peterborough, Ontario. The aircraft, operated by Kitty Hawk, was transporting automobile parts when it performed a non-directional beacon approach to runway 09.
Upon touchdown within the runway zone, the aircraft began its landing roll with speed brakes and full flaps extended. However, the aircraft failed to stop within the 5,000-foot runway, overrunning the threshold by 236 feet. During the overrun, the nose landing gear collapsed, leaving the aircraft resting on its nose and main gear. The two crew members were uninjured and able to exit the aircraft via the cargo door.
The investigation
The investigation focused on the runway conditions and the braking performance of the aircraft. While previous reports indicated the runway was bare and wet with good braking action, weather observations showed that precipitation had transitioned to light rain and snow around the time of the approach. This led to the accumulation of a thin layer of slush and water on the asphalt.
Investigators examined the aircraft's braking systems and the deployment of the drag chute. Although the crew deployed the drag chute to assist in deceleration, the chute became detached from the aircraft and was recovered 3,200 feet from the runway threshold. No mechanical defects were found in the chute mechanism, and the reason for its detachment remained unknown. Additionally, the investigation noted that the aircraft lacked reverse thrust capability.
Findings
- The aircraft experienced hydroplaning on the main landing gear tires, which significantly reduced braking effectiveness.
- The runway surface was contaminated with a thin film of slush and water.
- The pilot deactivated the anti-skid braking system, which caused the wheels to lock in a skid and further diminished braking action.
- The drag chute failed to remain attached to the aircraft after deployment, removing a source of aerodynamic braking.