Fatal Helicopter Crash in Southern Alps Linked to Training and Oversight Failures

Casualties unknown • latitude: 43° 30.89´S longitude: 170° 07.07´E, NZ

An Airbus Helicopters AS350 crashed on a New Zealand glacier in 2015, leading to an investigation that uncovered systemic failures in pilot training and regulatory oversight.

What happened

On the morning of November 21, 2015, an Airbus Helicopters AS350 ‘Squirrel’, registered ZK-HKU, departed from a base near Fox Glacier for a scenic flight. The flight, which included the pilot and six passengers, was intended to include a snow landing at the Chancellor Shelf. Despite earlier flight cancellations due to poor weather, the pilot proceeded with the mission.

During the flight, the pilot contacted another aircraft to check weather conditions in the nearby Franz Josef Glacier valley, which indicated unsuitable conditions. Shortly after being seen climbing toward the Chancellor Shelf, the helicopter disappeared. A subsequent search located the wreckage on the glacier, approximately 800 feet below the shelf. There were no survivors, and the aircraft was destroyed.

The investigation

The Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC) conducted an extensive inquiry, examining the wreckage, engine components, and flight records. Investigators used passenger camera footage to reconstruct the flight path, which revealed that the helicopter had successfully landed on the Chancellor Shelf for a snow walk before the fatal descent.

Technical examinations of the recovered dynamic assemblies and the engine showed no evidence of mechanical failure. The investigation also scrutinized the operator's training protocols and the Civil Aviation Authority's (CAA) oversight of the company's operations.

Findings

The investigation determined that the weather conditions on the day were unstable and did not meet the minimum requirements for safe flight. It is highly probable that the pilot's ability to maintain visual references was compromised by cloud, precipitation, flat light, or condensation on the windscreen.

Crucially, the Commission found that the pilot lacked the necessary training and experience required for a senior pilot in such operations. The operator's training system was poorly defined and failed to comply with Civil Aviation Rules. Furthermore, the investigation highlighted a significant failure in management oversight, as the operator's training deficiencies were not adequately addressed by senior personnel.

Safety action

The Commission identified serious safety issues regarding the operator's failure to prepare pilots for their responsibilities and the CAA's failure to intervene despite known non-compliance. Consequently, the Commission recommended that the Director of Civil Aviation initiate an independent review of past surveillance activities to ensure that other operators are not operating under similar unaddressed risks.

Probable cause

The accident was likely caused by the pilot's loss of situational awareness regarding terrain height due to adverse weather conditions, compounded by inadequate pilot training and a lack of effective regulatory oversight of the operator's training systems.

Frequently asked questions

What happened in the 2015-11-20 Airbus Helicopters AS350BA, 1132 accident near latitude: 43° 30.89´S longitude: 170° 07.07´E, NZ?

An Airbus Helicopters AS350 crashed on a New Zealand glacier in 2015, leading to an investigation that uncovered systemic failures in pilot training and regulatory oversight.

What aircraft was involved and where did it happen?

The accident on 2015-11-20 involved a Airbus Helicopters AS350BA, 1132, registration ZK-HKU, operated by James P. Scott, trading as Fox and Franz Heli Services, at latitude: 43° 30.89´S longitude: 170° 07.07´E, NZ.

What was the probable cause of the accident?

The accident was likely caused by the pilot's loss of situational awareness regarding terrain height due to adverse weather conditions, compounded by inadequate pilot training and a lack of effective regulatory oversight of the operator's training systems.

Investigation report by the New Zealand Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC). Original record: https://taic.org.nz/inquiry/ao-2015-007. This page is a structured re-presentation; facts and quotes are in the Transport Accident Investigation Commission (TAIC), New Zealand.

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