What happened
During an approach to Bankstown Airport, the pilot of a Cessna experienced a sudden increase in propeller RPM and a subsequent inability to maintain altitude. This behavior, characterized by a loss of oil pressure and the propeller moving to a finer pitch, was consistent with an engine failure. The pilot managed the glide by maintaining airspeed and keeping the landing gear and flaps retracted to minimize drag, which allowed the aircraft to reach the airport environment. However, the aircraft struck the ground with the landing gear still in the up position because there was insufficient time to extend and lock them before impact.
The investigation
The investigation focused on the cause of the power loss. While the pilot initially suspected an engine malfunction, a post-incident inspection found no mechanical faults with the engine, which was capable of running at low power on the remaining fuel. Investigators determined that fuel starvation was the most likely cause.
Analysis of the fuel levels showed that while the total fuel on board was sufficient for the flight, the quantities in the individual tanks were critically low. The right tank contained between 40–50 L, while the left tank had between 0–5 L remaining. According to the pilot operating handbook, if fuel levels drop below one-quarter, uncoordinated flight can cause the fuel pick-ups to uncover. During an uncoordinated left turn near Prospect Reservoir, it is believed the fuel moved away from the pick-ups, leaving the engine to rely on the header tank until it was exhausted.
Additionally, the pilot's emergency response focused on attempting to reduce propeller drag—a task the aircraft could not perform—and the engine failure checklist was not completed. Following the checklist might have increased the chances of an in-flight restart.
Findings
- The primary cause of the engine power loss was fuel starvation resulting from low fuel quantities combined with uncoordinated flight maneuvers.
- The pilot's decision to carry a non-essential passenger increased the risk of injury during the incident.
- The landing gear was not fully extended and locked prior to ground contact, resulting in a wheels-up landing.