What happened
On May 5, 2004, during a gliding competition at Klix, a SZD-42-2, Jantar 2B glider was being towed by a PZL 104 Wilga 35A. The takeoff followed two previous aborted attempts due to wind conditions. During the initial climb, the glider experienced significant instability and oscillations. Witnesses observed the towline separating from the glider.
Following the separation, the glider began a left-hand turn without any visible increase in airspeed. The bank angle increased sharply, leading the aircraft into a spin. The glider struck a grain field adjacent to the airfield with a longitudinal pitch of approximately 60 degrees. The impact, which involved heavy force to both the right wing and the cockpit area, resulted in the fatal injury of the pilot and the destruction of the aircraft.
The investigation
The BFU examined the aircraft's technical condition, the flight parameters, and the loading configuration. Investigators found that the glider's control surfaces were fully functional and all linkages were intact prior to impact. The investigation also reviewed the pilot's experience, noting he had approximately 700 flight hours and significant experience with this model.
Data from GPS loggers provided limited insight due to the short duration of the event, but confirmed the aircraft was at a low altitude of approximately 40 meters. The investigation also noted a 5 km/h error in the tow plane's airspeed indicator, suggesting the actual towing speed was approximately 120 km/h, which was higher than the recommended 105–115 km/h range.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the separation of the towline during the initial climb, followed by a failure to increase airspeed.
- The glider's center of gravity was at 373 mm, which, while within the allowable range, was near the aft limit, increasing longitudinal instability and susceptibility to spinning.
- The pilot was operating under increased psychological pressure due to the pressure of performing a third takeoff attempt in front of approximately 100 other competitors.
- The aircraft was slightly overweight; the combined weight of the pilot, parachute, and additional equipment in the baggage compartment exceeded the maximum allowable payload by approximately 12.6 kg.
- The maneuver into a turn against the direction of the gusty winds further destabilized the flight path.