What happened
On February 5, 2021, a Cessna FR 182 was performing a private VFR flight from Genk/Zwartberg, Belgium, to Austria. The flight was part of a larger operation to ferry several aircraft for maintenance. After departing Belgium, the aircraft climbed to 5,000 ft AMSL. While operating under visual flight rules, the aircraft entered a region of heavy cloud cover and rain associated with a warm front.
At approximately 12:39 PM, the pilot reported a descent to 4,000 ft AMSL. Radar data indicates that shortly after this communication, the aircraft entered a steep, high-speed descent. The aircraft's sink rate reached up to 4,800 ft/min, and the flight path showed a sharp 90-degree turn. The aircraft struck the ground near Sefferweich, Germany, in conditions of heavy fog and low visibility. The pilot sustained fatal injuries, and the aircraft was destroyed.
The investigation
The BFU investigation examined radar data, air traffic control recordings, and meteorological reports from the German Weather Service (DWD). Investigators analyzed the aircraft's wreckage, which showed significant destruction to the cabin and the separation of the pilot's seat. The investigation also reviewed the pilot's training records, flight experience, and the weather briefing process. Meteorological analysis confirmed that the aircraft encountered a warm front with low ceilings and significant precipitation, which likely resulted in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was spatial disorientation resulting from the pilot's lack of instrument rating and experience flying in IMC.
- The pilot failed to properly assess the meteorological conditions, which were unsuitable for continued VFR flight.
- The pilot did not abort the flight or divert to an alternate airport upon encountering the warm front and deteriorating visibility.
- The pilot lacked the required English language proficiency endorsement for operating in Belgian airspace.
- There was no evidence of mechanical failure or technical issues with the aircraft's control systems.