What happened
On August 18, 2004, at 16:10 local time, an ATR 72-201 (registration OH-KRL) operated by Aero Airlines was performing a power push-back at Helsinki-Vantaa Airport. Following engine start, the crew intended to use the aircraft's own engines to move from its parking stand to a position where normal taxiing could commence. A ramp foreman was guiding the aircraft from the front using hand signals.
During the maneuver, the aircraft failed to stop at the designated position and collided with a stationary, empty MD-82 parked behind it. While there were no injuries to the 47 passengers or 4 crew members on board the ATR 72, both aircraft sustained minor damage.
The investigation
The investigation examined the ground procedures, the visibility of taxiway markings, and the training of the personnel involved. Investigators found that the apron was undergoing construction, which had resulted in temporary, inadequate taxiway markings. Specifically, the centerline markings were composed of narrow dashed lines that were difficult to see on the damp pavement.
Furthermore, the investigation reviewed the operational manuals and training records for both the flight crew and the ground personnel. It was noted that the ramp foreman did not use the correct hand signals during the push-back and that there was a lack of clarity regarding the specific responsibilities of the marshaller versus the flight crew during engine-assisted maneuvers.
Findings
- The primary cause of the collision was that the marshaller failed to provide a stopping signal, and the flight crew did not take the initiative to stop the aircraft in time because they lacked a clear visual reference of their position relative to the MD-82 due to the missing taxiway centerline.
- There was significant ambiguity regarding the division of responsibility between pilots and ground staff concerning who is ultimately responsible for stopping the aircraft at the correct location.
- The aircraft's operating manual lacked a specific description of the power push-back procedure.
- The ramp foreman used incorrect hand signals during the maneuver.
- Personnel had not been adequately informed of the temporary, non-standard taxiway arrangements caused by ongoing construction works.
Safety action
- It was recommended that Finnair Oyj include a comprehensive description of the power push-back procedure within its company instructions to ensure all personnel involved in push-back operations have access to standardized guidance.