What happened
On August 12, 2022, a Cessna 182P “Skylane”, registration CX-BHM, was performing a private flight from Angel S. Adami International Airport (SUAA) to El Jagüel Airport (SUPE) in Maldonado, Uruguay. The aircraft was carrying four occupants, including the pilot, who was also the aircraft owner.
During the approach to runway 02, the pilot experienced several bounces upon touchdown. Consequently, the pilot decided to execute a go-around and performed a 180-degree turn to land on the opposite runway, runway 20. This second landing attempt was conducted with a tailwind. The aircraft touched down approximately 640 meters from the end of runway 20, leaving only about 200 meters of remaining runway.
As the aircraft attempted to decelerate, it overran the pavement, breached the airport's perimeter fence, and came to a stop near a high-traffic public avenue. All four occupants evacuated the aircraft without injury.
The investigation
The CIAIA investigation examined the aircraft's performance, the meteorological conditions, and the pilot's operational decisions. Investigators analyzed the aircraft's landing performance tables, which indicated that under the specific weight, temperature, and wind conditions, a minimum of 238 meters of runway was required to stop the aircraft safely.
The investigation also reviewed the pilot's flight logs and the aircraft's maintenance records, noting that both the pilot's logbook and the aircraft's technical logs were not up to date. Additionally, investigators were unable to retrieve flight data from the onboard Garmin GPSmap196 because no memory card was installed in the device.
Findings
- The primary cause of the incident was the insufficient remaining runway distance for the landing configuration and environmental conditions.
- The pilot elected to land on runway 20 with a tailwind, which significantly reduced the available stopping distance.
- The pilot failed to apply maximum braking immediately upon touchdown.
- The pilot did not adhere to the manufacturer's recommended landing parameters, specifically regarding flap settings and landing distance requirements.
- The tailwind acted as a contributing factor to the overrun.
- The lack of risk assessment or active Crew Resource Management (CRM) from the passengers contributed to the operational environment.