What happened
On October 16, 2014, at approximately 08:30 local time, a Cessna A188B, registration HK1915, was engaged in agricultural operations near Cabuyaro, Meta. The aircraft, operated by Agrícola de Servicios Aéreos del Meta Limitada (ASAM LTDA), had previously completed several successful herbicide spraying missions. For the next phase of the operation, the aircraft was loaded with 400 kg of rice seed and 40 gallons of fuel to perform aerial seeding.
Following takeoff from the "Petriba" auxiliary base, the pilot observed that the aircraft was not achieving an optimal climb gradient. Due to the lack of adequate performance, the pilot decided to execute an emergency landing in an unprepared field. During the maneuver, the aircraft lost lift and struck the terrain, resulting in an overturned position. The pilot, who was the sole occupant, was able to exit the aircraft uninjured.
The investigation
The GRIAA investigation examined the aircraft's configuration and the flight conditions. The investigation established that the aircraft was airworthy and had undergone its 100-hour inspection recently. The engine and propeller were found to be functioning normally prior to the impact.
Investigators analyzed the aircraft's weight and balance, finding that while the load was within permissible limits, the center of gravity (CG) was positioned very close to its forward limit. The investigation also noted that the aircraft sustained significant structural damage, including deformation of the wings, vertical stabilizer, and engine mount, as well as the separation of the left landing gear wheel.
Findings
- The primary cause of the accident was the loss of aerodynamic performance, as the aircraft failed to reach the required speeds during the takeoff phase.
- The aircraft's center of gravity was located near the forward limit, which contributed to the flight difficulties.
- The pilot demonstrated a lack of sufficient knowledge, training, and experience regarding basic aerodynamic principles, takeoff speeds, and the specific performance limitations of the Cessna A188B.
- The pilot utilized inappropriate flight techniques while operating the aircraft under a forward CG configuration.
Safety action
Following the investigation, several recommendations were issued to the operator, including the implementation of procedures to verify the recurrent training of crews and the establishment of more rigorous operational risk assessments. Additionally, the authority recommended that the operator implement a theoretical training program covering advanced aerodynamics, stall speeds, and aircraft performance limitations.